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Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD
Adults are usually not diagnosed until they are experiencing major problems at work, home or at school. Health professionals follow the diagnostic criteria set out in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5).
A complete evaluation includes ADHD symptoms and standardized scales for assessing behavior. Health professionals inquire about the family’s history and look at old school records.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD symptoms can affect a person’s daily life regardless of whether they are at home, school or at work. They can cause issues in relationships and careers, financial difficulties and even a driver’s permit. They can also lead to emotional distress. It’s normal for people to experience difficulties in concentrating or staying organized from time to time. However, if adhd adult diagnosis is persistent and affects daily functioning, a healthcare specialist may be able to identify ADHD.
To determine if someone is diagnosed with ADHD A health care professional must evaluate the patient in at least two different environments, such as at home, school or work and social situations. They must observe the person in these settings for at least six months and determine that the symptoms are impairing their ability to perform. The symptoms must also be present prior to the age of 12 years old. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They have difficulty waiting for their turn, and frequently interrupt or intrude on others.
Children with inattention ADHD have trouble following directions and staying focused or sitting down. They tend to be distracted or forgetful, and are easily distracted by their surroundings. They are more likely to be overlooked and omit learning opportunities, particularly in elementary schools, which can set up them for failure later in their lives.
The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or “on the go” behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They have difficulty sitting or waiting for their turn, blurt out answers before questions are finished and have trouble controlling their emotions.
It can be it’s a relief to get the diagnosis of ADHD but it’s not always an easy process. People may feel embarrassed, but they must to be honest so that they receive the help they’re entitled to. A diagnosis could be the first time that someone has realized their struggles are ascribed to. This knowledge can allow them to change their perception of themselves, resulting in positive changes.
Diagnosis
When it comes to ADHD, symptoms show up at different times for children and adults. For children, symptoms typically begin in the middle of elementary school, however for adults it’s a little later. Symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In some cases the condition is misdiagnosed. It could be related to autism or a mood disorder like depression or anxiety.
If your child or teen shows symptoms of ADHD, the first step is to speak with your doctor. They will do physical examinations, including vision and hearing to ensure there isn’t something else going on. You and your child will be asked to fill out the list of symptoms. They will want to know how their symptoms have affected their home and school lives. They’ll also want to hear about any past problems they’ve had.
For adults, a healthcare provider who is certified to diagnose ADHD will use the process of conducting clinical interviews, as well as behavior rating scales or checklists for symptoms to determine if they meet the requirements for diagnosis. Psychological tests may be used to evaluate your cognitive abilities and how you process information and think. They may also perform brain scans using the FDA-approved Neuropsychiatric EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA), a tool that measures the activity of certain parts of the brain that control your attention and the impulsivity.
They will also review your medical records to determine whether there are any additional mental health issues or injuries, for example head trauma or thyroid problems that can cause similar symptoms. They may refer you to an extensive evaluation with a psychiatrist or psychologist.
You must have six or more symptoms, that began in childhood or before the age of 12. The symptoms must last at least six months and cause significant difficulties with your daily activities. Adults have the lower threshold for diagnosis, but the criteria are the same: You must be suffering from at least five symptoms that cause problems with your social, work and family life.
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning at school, home and at work. There are many different treatments available, including treatment with medication and behavioral therapy. Some people also find satisfaction with lifestyle changes, such as creating a consistent routine by using a planner notebook, and scheduling tasks prior to time. Others might benefit from specific learning disability treatments, like metacognitive training that helps to improve their ability to organize their lives and solve problems, or cognitive behavioral therapy to address the distortions in thinking that can lead to negative moods and low self-esteem.
Professionals with specialized training in health care can provide the most effective treatment plan based on a person’s particular situation. They will look at the person’s symptoms, and in the case of an adult, also their school and childhood experiences. They will conduct interviews with a psychologist, behavior rating scales and checklists of symptoms to determine if the person has met the requirements for diagnosing ADHD. They may also conduct the family history of mental health problems as well as physical illnesses. They will ask the person or their parents as well as teachers about their moods and behavior and about how they’ve changed over time.
A diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the presence of more than six symptoms that start before the age of 12 and cause difficulties in two or more settings (home school, social situations). The symptoms must be present for at least six months. In addition the symptoms should be significantly more difficult than one would expect for a person at that age.
A medical checkup is usually performed to make sure that the person isn’t suffering from any other health problems. Doctors will review the person’s symptoms, as well as their medical and psychiatric history, and may suggest an eye exam or hearing test. Certain people suffering from ADHD have a genetic predisposition to develop the disorder. Someone who has a parent or sibling with ADHD has an 85% chance of develop the disorder. It’s also normal to have a comorbid mood anxiety disorder with ADHD. These disorders can be harder to treat than ADHD by itself.
The following is a list of preventions.
Many things, such as certain medical conditions or learning disabilities, can trigger symptoms that are similar to those of ADHD. Therefore, it’s essential to visit a health care provider or a mental health professional for an evaluation prior to determining the diagnosis. This person will ask about the symptoms of your child and how they affect their daily life. They can also utilize ratings scales or a checklist to determine if your child is suffering from ADHD. They may also do physical examinations and tests for hearing or vision problems. They may also order an EEG brain scan which measures beta and theta waves to check on changes in your child’s brain function.
Children diagnosed with ADHD must show symptoms that are significantly greater than the norm for their age and development level. The symptoms of inattention, impulsivity or hyperactivity must cause significant problems at home, school or at work. The symptoms can also impact your child’s ability to interact with others. If your child has moderate or severe ADHD symptoms they will require treatment with medication to lead an ordinary life.
Children with ADHD might have trouble following directions and staying on task. This can result in lower grades and a loss of self-esteem. They may also struggle with social interactions, since they are unable to recognize social signals. They are often disruptive to others and come across as aggressive or abrasive. They are at a high risk for anxiety, depression and alcohol abuse.
Mild ADHD is defined by symptoms that are apparent but do not affect daily life, which makes it difficult to maintain relationships or work. The people with moderate or severe ADHD are more likely to experience symptoms, and are more likely to have issues at work, such as difficulties keeping a job or getting along with colleagues.
If they do not seek treatment could face serious consequences. This includes financial issues, health issues, and legal issues. There are many treatments for ADHD. These include psychosocial interventions as well as nutrition and diet exercise, sleep improvement, and medication. NIMH offers more information on these options and how to discuss them with your family members.